Hand Loom

What is Hand Loom | Hand Loom Weaving
The earliest looms were vertical shaft, with the heddles fixed in place in the shaft. The warp threads pass alternately through a heddle and through a space between the heddles, so that raising the shaft will raise half the threads (those passing through the heddles), and lowering the shaft will lower the same threads the threads passing through the spaces between the heddles remain in place.